[Microbiome of the external auditory canal and preoperative preparation of patients in otosurgery (literature review)]. / Mikrobiom naruzhnogo slukhovogo prokhoda i predoperatsionnaya podgotovka patsientov v otokhirurgii (obzor literatury).

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of methods of antiseptic and hygienic preoperative preparation of the operating field in otosurgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review and an expert assessment of the corresponding research objectives of scientific publications contained in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases have been carried out. RESULTS: Various studies indicate a lower ototoxicity of 5-10% of the drug povidone-iodine compared to others. Drugs, such as Miramistin, Okomistin, Dioxidine, are actively used in otiatrics in Russia, but no data on their ototoxicity have been noted. The collected data point to the relevance and prospects of studying the microbiome of the external auditory canal, assessing its effect on the course of the postoperative period, depending on various methods of preparation (antiseptic, removal of earwax and hair depilation) of the surgical field for otosurgery.

Human Interleukin-2 and Hen Egg White Lysozyme: Screening for Bacteriolytic Activity against Various Bacterial Cells.

The bacteriolytic activity of interleukin-2 and hen egg white lysozyme against 34 different species of microorganisms has been studied. It was found that 6 species of microorganisms are lysed in the presence of interleukin-2. All interleukin-2-sensitive microorganisms belong either to the Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, or the Lactobacillaceae family. It was also found that 12 species of microorganisms are lysed in the presence of lysozyme, and 16 species of microorganisms are lysed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The bacteriolytic activity of interleukin-2 and lysozyme was studied at various pH values.

[USE OF LASER RAMAN-LUMINESCENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF MEAT PRODUCTS AND DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF THEIR BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION].

AIM: Determination of the effect of microorganisms on spoilage of meat products during various temperature regimes of storage by integral indexes of luminescent lines in their spectra and development of an algorithm of microorganism indication by an express method using laser Raman-luminescent spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Minced meat from beef and pork was used. Determination of quantity of mesophilic aerobic and opportunistic-anaerobic microorganisms was carried out by serial 10-fold dilutions with subsequent parallel seeding into Rida count total 24 plates and Petri dishes with 5% blood agar. Sample study was carried out in luminescent software-hardware complex Enspectr L405 (a variant of Enspectr M software-hardware complexes). RESULTS: Meat spoilage was established to be caused to a large degree by Pseudomonas genus (P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. fragi et al.) bacterial growth. Raman-luminescent spectra of bacteria that compose microflora, characterizing and accompanying beef and pork spoilage, were measured and recorded into a database. CONCLUSION: The results obtained will allow to use this technique in the future for both express-indication and differentiation of microorganisms and express-evaluation of quality of meat products at all stages of their manufacturing, storage, transport and realization.

[Gender differences in death causes and survival rate of silicosis patients].

The authors analyzed structure of mortality and survival rate in 284 silicosis patients over 14 years. Findings are that the mortality structures among the females and the males with silicosis are different. In both groups compared, the first place among death causes was occupied by cardiovascular diseases. The females with silicosis were more frequent to die with broncho-pulmonary conditions, vs. the males of the same group. However the survival rate among the females over the studied period was higher than that among the males.

[Peculiarities of silicosis course in women engaged into metallurgy].

The study covers comparative analysis of silicosis course in males and females engaged into iron industry. Findings are more frequent combination of silicosis and chronic bronchitis in the females, without smoking habit. Some other differences in silicosis course and development were seen dependent on sex.

Enzymes of SPZ7 phage: isolation and properties.

Bacteriophage enzyme preparations exolysin and endolysin were studied. Exolysin (a phage-associated enzyme) was obtained from tail fraction and endolysin from phage-free cytoplasmic fraction of disintegrated Salmonella enteritidis cells. A new method for purification of these enzymes was developed, and their molecular masses were determined. The main catalytic properties of the studied enzymes (pH optimum and specificity to bacterial substrates) were found to be similar. Both enzymes lyse Escherichia coli cells like chicken egg lysozyme, but more efficiently lyse S. enteritidis cells and cannot lyse Micrococcus luteus, a good substrate for chicken egg lysozyme. Similar properties of exolysin and endolysin suggest that these enzymes are structurally similar or even identical.

[Prospective analysis of clinical course and outcomes in silicosis patients].

The authors revealed features of clinical course and outcomes in patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis, who worked on iron industry enterprise. The article covers comparative analysis of survival rate and mortality among silicosis patients over 14 years of observation.

[Molecular genetic methods of typing of the Bartonellae].

The primer systems for the PCR detection of four house-keeping genes of bartonellae in clinical material were developed and tested. The tactics of the species RFLP typing was also developed and tested. The scheme of the species RFLP typing of bartonellae was tested using as an example two strains for the first time isolated in Russia from patients with endocarditis and fever of uncertain origin. The results of the typing were supported by sequencing of the amplicons obtained. According to the sequencing the isolates were attributed to the sub species Bartonella vinsonii, subsp. arupensis. The necessity of molecular epidemiological analysis of bartonelloses in Russia was substantiated.

[Deletional polymorphism of the 11th intron of the human c-fms gene: allele frequency in certain Russian populations and possible functional significance]. / Deletsionnyi polimorfizm 11-go introna gena c-fms cheloveka: chastoty allelei v nekotorykh populiatsiiakh Rossii i vozmozhnaia funktsional'naia znachimost'.

Analysis of deletion polymorphism of human c-fms gene intron 11 (approximately 425-bp deletion) is of particular interest because of the increased proportion of the deletion heterozygotes among the infants born from the parents, one of which lacks the deletion allele, and the other is heterozygous for the deletion. In this study, allele and haplotype frequencies of the polymorphism examined were assessed in a number of Caucasoid and Mongoloid populations of Russia. In all populations tested, relatively high prevalence of the deletion-bearing allele, ranging from 9.45% in ethnic Germans to 20.75% in Altaians, was detected. Russians and Kazakhs were characterized by intermediate frequencies of the rare allele, constituting in these populations 12.89 and 14.93%, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg expectations were met in all populations examined, pointing to a stable level of polymorphism at the c-fms intron 11. It was established by the context analysis of DNA of the deleted fragment along with the flanking sequences that this region contained a number of transcription factor motifs (Ets, SRF, and Myc), potentially capable of the regulation of the M-CFF-dependant c-fms transcription. The deletion breakpoint was localized within the CArG motif, which, together with the neighboring ets motif, form the potential CArG/ets composite element. It was suggested that allele lacking the fragment of intron 11 could be restricted in its ability to modulate the level of the c-fms transcription in response to the action of M-CSF. The data of molecular epidemiological survey serve as the indirect evidence favoring the suggestion on the possible functional value of this gene fragment. It was demonstrated that in the samples of acute bronchitis and trichomoniasis patients allelic and genotype frequencies were statistically significantly different from those in the population sample. In case of trichmoniasis, the frequency of rare allele was 2.4 times lower, and in case of acute bronchitis it was 2.1 times higher than in the control sample.

[Human microflora in the norm and in pathology studied with laser fluorescence]. / Indikatsiia mikroflory cheloveka v norme i patologii s pomoshch'iu lazernoi fluorestsentsii.

On the basis of experimental and clinical data the use of laser fluorescence for indication of microflora in normal and pathological states has been substantiated. Standardized intensity characteristics of fluorescence integrally reflect the presence and activity of the total microflora and its changes in dysbiosis and pyo-inflammatory diseases. The possibility of its use in clinical practice is shown.

[Hereditary polymorphism features in patients with silicosis associated with chronic bronchitis]. / Osobennosti nasledstvennogo polimorfizma u bol'nykh silikozom s soputstvuiushchim khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Chronic bronchitis frequently accompanies silicosis in metallurgy workers. Association of the two diseases significantly lowers life quality and disables the patients. Prophylactic measures for the diseases are elimination of the etiologic factors and detection of genetic markers for propensity and insusceptibility to silicosis and chronic bronchitis. Phenotypes of Lewis a-b- system, of Hp2-1 haptoglobin and of group-specific component Gc2-2 could be risk factors for chronic bronchitis in silicosis patients. Those of Lewis a-b+ system, of Hp2-2 haptoglobin and group-specific component Gc1-2 are resistant to chronic bronchitis on silicosis background.

[Early detection of vascular cerebral pathology in differential diagnosis fo headache]. / Rannee vyiavlenie sosudistoí patologii golovnogo mozga v differentsial'noí diagnostike golovnoí boli.

A comprehensive study of cerebral hemodynamics and microcirculation was made in 261 patients complaining for headache. Clinical-diagnostic criteria for headache of vascular origin, a scheme of vascular headache pathogenesis are proposed. It was found that the first to appear were negative alterations in the venous microcirculation. Neurophysiological methods with functional loading tests for objectivation of vascular cerebral defects at early stages and in the follow-up proved diagnostically effective.

[Role of genetic factors in the etiology of silicosis]. / Rol' geneticheskikh faktorov v razvitii silikoza.

Examination of 15 systems of hereditary polymorphism including HLA system was conducted in 284 patients suffering from silicosis and 431 healthy subjects. The results provided genetic factors showing propensity to and resistance against silicosis. The data served as a base for silicosis risk groups formation among the staffers at occupational risk of silicosis, for occupational selection during placement to enterprises with silicosis danger.

[Pathogenetic aspects of ischemic strokes]. / Nekotorye aspekty patogeneza ishemicheskikh insul'tov.

The article presents data on total calibrometry of the vascular bed of the brain in 26 patients who had died of ischemic cerebral stroke. All patients with nonthrombotic ischemic cerebral stroke showed a considerable decrease in the total lumen of the cerebrovascular bed on the side of the ischemic focus with a significant increase in the coefficient of hemispherical asymmetry. In most cases impoverishment of the hemodynamics was related not to occlusive or gross stenosing process of one of the major vessels but rather to nonmanifest narrowing of several vessels in the hemisphere on the involved side. The coefficient of asymmetry in patients with thrombotic cerebral stroke was the minimal which is explained by the fact that even complete thrombosis of one vessel has no serious effect on the total lumen of the vascular bed of the brain. The findings obtained confirm the theory of the involvement of cerebrovascular insufficiency in the genesis of ischemic cerebral strokes as the main pathogenic component in acute disorders of the cerebral circulation.